各類機床通常(chang)由下列(lie)基(ji)本部(bu)分組成：支承(cheng)部(bu)件(jian)，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)安(an)裝和(he)支承(cheng)其他部(bu)件(jian)和(he)工(gong)件(jian)，承(cheng)受(shou)其重量和(he)切削(xue)力，如床身和(he)立柱等(deng);變速機構，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)改變主運(yun)動的(de)速度；進給機構，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)改變進給量；主軸箱用(yong)(yong)以安(an)裝機床主軸；刀架、刀庫；控制和(he)操縱系統(tong)(tong)；潤滑系統(tong)(tong);冷卻系統(tong)(tong)。

　　機床(chuang)(chuang)附(fu)屬裝置包括機床(chuang)(chuang)上(shang)下料裝置、機械手、工業機器人等機床(chuang)(chuang)附(fu)加裝置，以(yi)及卡盤、吸盤彈簧夾頭、虎鉗、回轉工作(zuo)臺和分度頭等機床(chuang)(chuang)附(fu)件。

　　數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床是(shi)數(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制機(ji)(ji)床的(de)簡單(dan)叫法，對于它的(de)操控(kong)(kong)(kong)和監督控(kong)(kong)(kong)制都是(shi)在(zai)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)單(dan)元(yuan)里(li)面實現(xian)(xian)的(de)，數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)單(dan)元(yuan)可以(yi)說是(shi)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床的(de)核心(xin)，相當于人體(ti)的(de)大腦，數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床還(huan)能(neng)夠(gou)實現(xian)(xian)變成以(yi)及另外的(de)附加裝置功能(neng)，能(neng)夠(gou)對零部(bu)件進行編程、儲藏等，在(zai)工(gong)業生產中使用廣(guang)泛。